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KMID : 1100720240440010056
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Annals of Laboratory Medicine
2024 Volume.44 No. 1 p.56 ~ p.63
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Clinical Usefulness of a Cell-based Assay for Detecting Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies in Central Nervous System Inflammatory Disorders
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Seok Jin-Myoung
Patrick Waters
Jeon Mi-Young
Lee Hye-Lim
Baek Seol-Hee
Park Jin-Sung
Kang Sa-Yoon
Kwon Oh-Yun
Oh Jee-Young
Kim Byung-Jo
Park Kyung-Ah
Oh Sei-Yeul
Kim Byoung-Joon
Min Ju-Hong
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Abstract
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Background: The clinical implications of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibodies (MOG-Abs) are increasing. Establishing MOG-Ab assays is essential for effectively treating patients with MOG-Abs. We established an in-house cell-based assay (CBA) to detect MOG-Abs to identify correlations with patients’ clinical characteristics.
Methods: We established the CBA using HEK 293 cells transiently overexpressing full-length human MOG, tested it against 166 samples from a multicenter registry of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorders, and compared the results with those of the Oxford MOG-Ab-based CBA and a commercial MOG-Ab CBA kit. We recruited additional patients with MOG-Abs and compared the clinical characteristics of MOG-Ab-associated disease (MOGAD) with those of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).
Results: Of 166 samples tested, 10 tested positive for MOG-Abs, with optic neuritis (ON) being the most common manifestation (4/15, 26.7%). The in-house and Oxford MOG-Ab CBAs agreed for 164/166 (98.8%) samples (κ=0.883, P<0.001); two patients (2/166, 1.2%) were only positive in our in-house CBA, and the CBA scores of the two laboratories correlated well (r=0.663, P<0.001). The commercial MOG-Ab CBA kit showed one false-negative and three false-positive results. The clinical presentation at disease onset differed between MOGAD and NMOSD; ON was the most frequent manifestation in MOGAD, and transverse myelitis was most frequent in NMOSD.
Conclusions: The in-house CBA for MOG-Abs demonstrated reliable results and can potentially be used to evaluate CNS inflammatory disorders. A comprehensive, long-term study with a large patient population would clarify the clinical significance of MOG-Abs.
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KEYWORD
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Autoantibody, Central nervous system disease, Immunoassay, Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
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